# Compute the area of a square def square_area (side): # area is a local variable in square_area area = side ** 2 return area # Global scope a=square_area(2) # area is not within scope anymore and cannot be # accessed from this global scope print(a)

# Compute the area of a square def square_area (side): # area is a local variable in square_area area = side ** 2 return area # Compute the volume of a cube def cube_volume (side): # cube volume = area of base X side area = side **2 volume = area * side # area is not defined within this scope return volume # Global scope s = 2 print(square_area(s)) # area was deleted when the local scope of square_area was destroyed print(cube_volume(s))

# Compute the area of a square def square_area (side): # area is a local variable in square_area # area does not conflict with the variable area in rectangle_area area = side ** 2 print("square area =", area) # Compute the area of a rectangle def rectangle_area (length, width): # area is a local variable in rectangle_area # area does not conflict with the variable area in square_area area = length * width print("rectangle area =", area) # Global scope square_area(2) rectangle_area(2, 3)

# [ ] Fix the program below so it displays the area of a square with a side = 2 # just needed to add a 2 at the bottom # [ ] Compute the area of a square def square_area (side): # area is a local variable in square_area area = side ** 2 return area # [ ] Global scope a=square_area(2) # [ ] area is not within scope anymore and cannot be # [ ] accessed from this global scope print(a)

# [ ] Fix the program below so it displays the area of a square with side = 2 # [ ] and the volume of a cube with side = 2 # [ ] Compute the area of a square def square_area (side): # area is a local variable in square_area area = side ** 2 return area # [ ] Compute the volume of a cube def cube_volume (side): # cube volume = area of base X side area = side ** 2 volume = area * side # area is not defined within this scope return volume # Global scope s = 2 print(square_area(s)) # area was deleted when the local scope of square_area was destroyed print(square_area(s))

# [ ] The program below creates 3 functions that convert US Dollars to Euros, British Pounds, and Japanese Yen # [ ] Complete the functions USD2EUR, USD2GBP, USD2JPY so they all return the correct value using the given args and returns. # [ ] Retrieve an amount of dollars from the user and call each function from a separate print statement def USD2EUR(amount): value=0.831467 return amount*value print(USD2EUR(1)) def USD2GBP(amount): value=amount*0.739472 return value print(USD2GBP(1)) def USD2JPY(amount): value=amount*112.656 return value print(USD2JPY(1))

# Compute the area of a square def square_area (side): # area is a local variable in square_area # area does not conflict with the variable area in rectangle_area or area_diff area = side ** 2 return area # Compute the area of a rectangle def rectangle_area (length, width): # area is a local variable in rectangle_area # area does not conflict with the variable area in square_aream or area_diff area = length * width return area # Compute the area difference between a square and a rectangle def area_diff (side, length, width): # square area area1 = square_area(side) # defines area in its local scope # rectangle area area2 = rectangle_area(length, width) # defines area in its local scope # area difference area = area2 - area1 # area is local in area_diff local scope return area # Call the area_diff function print("Area difference = ", area_diff(2, 2, 3))

# Global variable pi = 3.14 # Compute the area of a circle def circle_area (radius): # pi is accessible from this local scope area = pi * radius ** 2 return area # Global scope a = circle_area(4) print("circle area =", a)

# Global variable vowels = 'AaEeIiOoUiYy' # Count the number of vowels in a sentence def count_vowels(sentence): # vowels is accessible from this local scope count = 0 for c in sentence: if c in vowels: count = count + 1 return count # Global scope s = 'Monty Python' print('Number of vowels in "{:s}" = {:d}'.format(s, count_vowels(s)))

# Global variable pi = 3.14 # Compute the area of a circle def circle_area (radius): # Define pi as a global variable in this scope global pi pi = 3.14159265359 # More accurate pi area = pi * radius ** 2 return area # Global scope print("pi =", pi) a = circle_area(4) print("More accurate circle area =", a) print("Updated pi =", pi) # Global variable pi changed in circle_area

# String global variable planet = 'Mercury' # function to change the current planet def planet_change(new_planet): # Define planet as a global variable in this scope global planet planet = new_planet # Global scope print("Planet =", planet) planet_change('Mars') print("Planet =", planet)

# Global variable pi = 3.14 # Compute the area of a circle def circle_area (radius): # Assigning a value to pi without (global) makes it a local variable pi = 3.14159265359 # more accurate pi area = pi * radius ** 2 return area # Global scope print("pi =", pi) a = circle_area(4) print("More accurate circle area =", a) print("Unchanged pi =", pi) # Global pi didn't change

# String global variable planet = 'Mercury' # Function to change the current planet def planet_change(new_planet): planet = new_planet # planet is a local variable # Global scope print("Planet = ", planet) planet_change('Mars') print("Planet = ", planet)

# Global variable pi = 3.14 # Compute the area of a circle def circle_area (radius): # pi is accessible from this local scope area = pi * radius ** 2 return area # Global scope # pi is changed before it is used in circle_area pi = 0 a = circle_area(4) print("pi =", pi) print("Wrong circle area =", a)

# String global variable planet = 'Mercury' # Function to change the current planet def planet_change(new_planet): planet = new_planet # planet is a local variable print("Planet = ", planet) planet_change('Mars') print("Planet = ", planet) # Global variable (planet) did not change planet = "Earth" # Changing global variable (planet) print("Planet = ", planet)

# [ ] The following program converts an amount from US Dollars to Indian Rupees using the XCHANGE_RATE variable # [ ] Complete the function USD2INR so it performs the conversion XCHANGE_RATE = 63.6856 # = 1 USD def USD2INR(amount): value=amount*XCHANGE_RATE return value """ Convert amount from US Dollars to Indian Rupees. Use XCHANGE_RATE args: amount: US dollar amount (float) returns: value: the equivalent of amount in Indian Rupees (float) """ #TODO: Your code goes here return value print("Current exchange rate $1 USD =", XCHANGE_RATE, "rupees") amount = 220 #USD inr = USD2INR(amount) print("$",amount,"=",inr,"rupees")

# [ ] The following program calculates the equivalent of $220 USD in Indian Rupees, # [ ] then updates the exchange rate and performs the conversion again # [ ] Complete the functions USD2INR and change_rate so they function according to the specifications below XCHANGE_RATE = 63.6856 # = 1 USD def USD2INR(amount): value=amount*XCHANGE_RATE return value def change_rate(): global XCHANGE_RATE XCHANGE_RATE=63.6782 print("Current exchange rate $1 USD =", XCHANGE_RATE, "rupees") amount = 220 #USD inr = (amount) print("$",amount,"=",inr,"rupees") print() change_rate() print("After changing the exchange rate $1 USD =", XCHANGE_RATE, "rupees") inr = (amount) print("$",amount,"=",inr,"rupees")

# [ ] In the following program, the function `flip()` is designed to reverse the order of the elements in NUMBERS # [ ] Fix the `UnboundLocalError` exception without changing the expression (NUMBERS = NUMBERS[-1::-1]) NUMBERS = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] def flip(): global NUMBERS NUMBERS = NUMBERS[-1::-1] print("Before flipping, NUMBERS =", NUMBERS) flip() print("After flipping, NUMBERS =", NUMBERS)