#Conner Kahn #12/17/21 #I learend about global and local variable scopes

# Compute the area of a square def square_area (side): # area is a local variable in square_area area = side ** 2 return area # Global scope square_area(2) # area is not within scope anymore and cannot be # accessed from this global scope print(area)

# Compute the area of a square def square_area (side): # area is a local variable in square_area area = side ** 2 return area # Compute the volume of a cube def cube_volume (side): # cube volume = area of base X side volume = area * side # area is not defined within this scope return volume # Global scope s = 2 square_area(s) # area was deleted when the local scope of square_area was destroyed cube_volume(s)

# Compute the area of a square def square_area (side): # area is a local variable in square_area # area does not conflict with the variable area in rectangle_area area = side ** 2 print("square area =", area) # Compute the area of a rectangle def rectangle_area (length, width): # area is a local variable in rectangle_area # area does not conflict with the variable area in square_area area = length * width print("rectangle area =", area) # Global scope square_area(2) rectangle_area(2, 3)

# [ ] Fix the program below so it displays the area of a square with a side = 2 # Compute the area of a square def square_area (side): # area is a local variable in square_area area = side ** 2 print(area) return area # Global scope square_area(2) # area is not within scope anymore and cannot be # accessed from this global scope

# [ ] Fix the program below so it displays the area of a square with side = 2 # and the volume of a cube with side = 2 # Global scope s = 2 # Compute the area of a square def square_area (side): # area is a local variable in square_area global area area = side ** 2 return area # Compute the volume of a cube def cube_volume (side): # cube volume = area of base X side volume = area * side # area is not defined within this scope return volume square_area(s) # area was deleted when the local scope of square_area was destroyed cube_volume(s)

# [ ] The program below converts US Dollars to Euros, British Pounds, and Japanese Yen # Complete the functions USD2EUR, USD2GBP, USD2JPY so they all return the correct value def USD2EUR(amount): """ Convert amount from US Dollars to Euros. Use 1 USD = 0.831467 EUR args: amount: US dollar amount (float) returns: value: the equivalent of amount in Euros (float) """ value = amount * .831467 return value def USD2GBP(amount): """ Convert amount from US Dollars to British Pounds. Use 1 USD = 0.739472 GBP args: amount: US dollar amount (float) returns: value: the equivalent of amount in British Pounds (float) """ value = amount * .73942 return value def USD2JPY(amount): """ Convert amount from US Dollars to Japanese Yen. Use 1 USD = 112.656 JPY args: amount: US dollar amount (float) returns: value: the equivalent of amount in Japanese Yen (float) """ value = amount * 112.656 return value def main(): amount = float(input("Enter amount in USD: $")) # In Euros eur = USD2EUR(amount) # In British Pounds gbp = USD2GBP(amount) # In Japanese Yen jpy = USD2JPY(amount) print("${:.2f} USD = {:.2f} EUR, {:.2f} GBP, {:.2f} JPY".format(amount, eur, gbp, jpy)) if __name__ == '__main__': main()

# Compute the area of a square def square_area (side): # area is a local variable in square_area # area does not conflict with the variable area in rectangle_area or area_diff area = side ** 2 return area # Compute the area of a rectangle def rectangle_area (length, width): # area is a local variable in rectangle_area # area does not conflict with the variable area in square_aream or area_diff area = length * width return area # Compute the area difference between a square and a rectangle def area_diff (side, length, width): # square area area1 = square_area(side) # defines area in its local scope # rectangle area area2 = rectangle_area(length, width) # defines area in its local scope # area difference area = area2 - area1 # area is local in area_diff local scope return area # Call the area_diff function print("Area difference = ", area_diff(2, 2, 3))

# [ ] The program below converts US Dollars to British Pounds. However, the conversion rate is unknown # Complete the functions USD2EUR, EUR2GBP, and USD2GBP so they all return the correct value # You should use USD2EUR and EUR2GBP in USD2GBP, do not try to find out the conversion rate cf1 = .831467 cf2 = .889358 def USD2EUR(amount): """ Convert amount from US Dollars to Euros. Use 1 USD = 0.831467 EUR args: amount: US dollar amount (float) returns: value: the equivalent of amount in Euros (float) """ global cf1 cf1 = .831467 value = amount * cf1 return value def EUR2GBP(amount): """ Convert amount from Euros to British Pounds. Use 1 EUR = 0.889358 GBP args: amount: Euros amount (float) returns: value: the equivalent of amount in GBP (float) """ global cf2 cf2 = .889358 value = amount * cf2 return value def USD2GBP(amount): """ Convert amount from US Dollars to British Pounds. The conversion rate is unknown, you have to use USD2EUR and EUR2GBP args: amount: US dollar amount (float) returns: value: the equivalent of amount in British Pounds (float) """ #TODO: Your code goes here value = amount *cf1*cf2 return value def main(): amount = float(input("Enter amount in USD: $")) # In British Pounds gbp = USD2GBP(amount) print("${:.2f} USD = {:.2f} GBP".format(amount, gbp)) if __name__ == '__main__': main()

# Global variable pi = 3.14 # Compute the area of a circle def circle_area (radius): # pi is accessible from this local scope area = pi * radius ** 2 return area # Global scope a = circle_area(4) print("circle area =", a)

# Global variable vowels = 'AaEeIiOoUiYy' # Count the number of vowels in a sentence def count_vowels(sentence): # vowels is accessible from this local scope count = 0 for c in sentence: if c in vowels: count = count + 1 return count # Global scope s = 'Monty Python' print('Number of vowels in "{:s}" = {:d}'.format(s, count_vowels(s)))

# Global variable pi = 3.14 # Compute the area of a circle def circle_area (radius): # Define pi as a global variable in this scope global pi pi = 3.14159265359 # More accurate pi area = pi * radius ** 2 return area # Global scope print("pi =", pi) a = circle_area(4) print("More accurate circle area =", a) print("Updated pi =", pi) # Global variable pi changed in circle_area

# String global variable planet = 'Mercury' # function to change the current planet def planet_change(new_planet): # Define planet as a global variable in this scope global planet planet = new_planet # Global scope print("Planet =", planet) planet_change('Mars') print("Planet =", planet)

# Global variable pi = 3.14 # Compute the area of a circle def circle_area (radius): # Assigning a value to pi without (global) makes it a local variable pi = 3.14159265359 # more accurate pi area = pi * radius ** 2 return area # Global scope print("pi =", pi) a = circle_area(4) print("More accurate circle area =", a) print("Unchanged pi =", pi) # Global pi didn't change

# String global variable planet = 'Mercury' # Function to change the current planet def planet_change(new_planet): planet = new_planet # planet is a local variable # Global scope print("Planet = ", planet) planet_change('Mars') print("Planet = ", planet)

# Global variable pi = 3.14 # Compute the area of a circle def circle_area (radius): # pi is accessible from this local scope area = pi * radius ** 2 return area # Global scope # pi is changed before it is used in circle_area pi = 0 a = circle_area(4) print("pi =", pi) print("Wrong circle area =", a)

# String global variable planet = 'Mercury' # Function to change the current planet def planet_change(new_planet): planet = new_planet # planet is a local variable print("Planet = ", planet) planet_change('Mars') print("Planet = ", planet) # Global variable (planet) did not change planet = "Earth" # Changing global variable (planet) print("Planet = ", planet)

# [ ] The following program converts an amount from US Dollars to Indian Rupees using the XCHANGE_RATE variable # Complete the function USD2INR so it performs the conversion XCHANGE_RATE = 63.6856 # = 1 USD def USD2INR(amount): """ Convert amount from US Dollars to Indian Rupees. Use XCHANGE_RATE args: amount: US dollar amount (float) returns: value: the equivalent of amount in Indian Rupees (float) """ value = amount * XCHANGE_RATE return value print("Current exchange rate $1 USD = {} INR".format(XCHANGE_RATE)) amount = 220 #USD inr = USD2INR(amount) print("${} = {}".format(amount, inr))

# [ ] The following program calculates the equivalent of $220 USD in Indian Rupees, # then updates the exchange rate and performs the conversion again # Complete the functions USD2INR and change_rate so they function according to the specifications below XCHANGE_RATE = 63.6856 # = 1 USD def USD2INR(amount): """ Convert amount from US Dollars to Indian Rupees. Use XCHANGE_RATE args: amount: US dollar amount (float) returns: value: the equivalent of amount in Indian Rupees (float) """ value = amount * XCHANGE_RATE return value def change_rate(): """ Change the exchange rate to 63.6782 args: None returns: None """ global XCHANGE_RATE XCHANGE_RATE = 63.6782 print("Current exchange rate $1 USD = {} INR".format(XCHANGE_RATE)) amount = 220 #USD inr = USD2INR(amount) print("${} = {}".format(amount, inr)) print() change_rate() print("After changing the exchange rate $1 USD = {} INR".format(XCHANGE_RATE)) inr = USD2INR(amount) print("${} = {}".format(amount, inr))

# [ ] In the following program, the function `flip()` is designed to reverse the order of the elements in NUMBERS # Fix the `UnboundLocalError` exception without changing the expression (NUMBERS = NUMBERS[-1:0:-1]) NUMBERS = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] def flip(): global NUMBERS NUMBERS = NUMBERS[-1::-1] print("Before flipping, NUMBERS =", NUMBERS) flip() print("After flipping, NUMBERS =", NUMBERS)