# Pavan Kumpatla # December 26, 2021. # I learned about the terminal and how to use it. # I had difficulties with task 2

# %cd command_line # Note: #Above was the original code given by Microsoft. # This will work the first time, but if you re-run these cells # you may encounter errors so we changed it to... # ************** DO NOT MODIFY OR ADD ANYTHING TO THIS CODE SEGMENT *********** # ************** Click Edit> Clear All Outputs *********** # ************** This code segment must be run before attempting any of the tasks or examples in this lesson ******************** # ************** This cell is a reset cell to remove (if they exist) the parent_dir and any children or leaves # It prepares the directories and files necessary to run the examples and complete the tasks. # This cell can be run first then all others cells in this notebook can be run, then this cell can be rerun # This is the reset. It uses the import shutil (or shell utility) which you will learn later in the course import os, shutil # shutil = shell utility has an important method called rmtree() # linux does not have an equivalent command! # Navigate to `library` directory (if not already in it) current_path = os.getcwd() print(current_path) if ("content" in current_path): #JGif ("library" in current_path): nb_path = current_path.split("content")[0] # nb_path = the 1st item in the split list else: nb_path = current_path print("Changing working dir to directory above parent_dir") os.chdir(os.path.join(nb_path,"content")) current_path = os.getcwd() print("Current working directory:", current_path) if (os.path.exists('parent_dir') == True): shutil.rmtree('parent_dir') os.mkdir('parent_dir') os.chdir('parent_dir') os.mkdir('child1_dir') os.chdir('../') current_path = os.getcwd() print("Current working directory:", current_path)# #this magic code will be used as a reset the linux directory so the notebook can be rerun %mkdir command_line %cd command_line !pwd

%%writefile main_script.py # writes new file # Start of Python code # Will be called from another script def func(): # creates new function print("Running func") # prints # Execute when running the script directly def main(): # creates new function print("Running the main function") # prints if __name__ == "__main__": # if __name__ equals to "__main__" main() # call main() # I don't know why it says overwriting, might be because the above code won't run

%%bash # returns value python3 main_script.py # runs code

%%writefile secondary_script.py # creates new file # Start of Python code import main_script # imports main_script # call func() from the main script main_script.func() # from main_script, call func() # It says overwriting again when I rerun it.

%%bash # returns value of code python3 secondary_script.py # runs # --> I thought it was supposed to have: "!" -- at the beginning?

# [ ] The following program asks the user for a circle radius then display the area and circumference # Modify the program so it only displays the information when executed directly # Hint: that would include name and main in there somehwere # The program should not display anything if it is imported as a module def function(): # creates new function from math import pi # from math, import pi def area(r): # creates new function with parameter return pi * (r ** 2) # returns def circum(r): # creates new function with parameter return 2 * pi * r # returns radius = float(input("Enter radius: ")) # stores print("Area =", area(radius)) # prints, calls print("Circumference =", circum(radius)) # prints, calls if __name__ == "__main__": # if it is equal function() # run the function # I'm not sure if the code is correct.

%cd command_line # changes directory

%%bash # returns value - I think? ls # lists

%%bash # I'm not sure what this is ls -l # lists with more detail

%%bash # ? ls -l -a # lists with more detail AND shows hidden files

!pwd # prints working directory

%%bash # ? ls -l ../parent_dir # lists with more detail and goes back to parent_dir # Says error

%cd command_line # changes directory

%pwd # notice you are still in command_line # present working directory # It says "\work"

%%writefile command_line.py # creates new file import sys # imports sys # Number of arguments argc = len(sys.argv) # stores length of arguments print(argc, "arguments and options were passed") # prints # List of arguments and options print("The arguments and options passed are: ") # prints for i in range(argc): # for i in range of the arguments captured print("argv[{:d}] = {}".format(i, sys.argv[i])) # prints, formats

%%bash # idk what this does python3 command_line.py arg1 arg2 -option1 -option2 # runs

%pwd # notice you are still in command_line # We're in "/work"

%%writefile rand.py # writes new file import argparse # imports from random import randint # from random import randint # Define an argument parser object parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() # Parse command-line arguments args = parser.parse_args() # Program print(randint(0, 10)) # prints random integer between 0-10

%%bash # idk python3 rand.py # runs

%%bash # idk python3 rand.py -i # runs but shows error since -i is not recognized

%%bash # idk python3 rand.py -h # runs with argument

%%writefile rand.py # writes file import argparse # imports from random import randint # from random import randint # Define an argument parser object parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() # Add positional arguments parser.add_argument('count', type = int, help = 'Count of random integers to be generated') # Parse command-line arguments args = parser.parse_args() # Program for i in range(args.count): # for i in range of the arguments caught print(randint(0, 10)) # prints random integer between 0-10

%%bash # idk python3 rand.py # runs with error

%%bash # idk python3 rand.py -h # runs with an extra argument

%%bash # idk python3 rand.py 4 # runs with argument

%%writefile rand.py # writes file import argparse # imports from random import randint # from random import randint # Define an argument parser object parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() # Add positional arguments parser.add_argument('count', type = int, help = 'Count of random integers to be generated') # Add optional arguments parser.add_argument('-r', '--range', metavar = 'number', nargs = 2, type = int, default = [0, 10], help = 'Integer range [a, b] from which the random numbers will be chosen') # Parse command-line arguments args = parser.parse_args() # Program for i in range(args.count): # for i in range of the arguments caught print(randint(args.range[0], args.range[1])) # prints

%%bash # idk python3 rand.py 4 # runs with argument

%%bash # idk python3 rand.py 4 -r 500 1000 # runs with more arguments specifying the range

%%bash # idk python3 rand.py 4 --range 500 1000 # runs with more arguments specifying the range

%%bash # idk python3 rand.py 10 -r 500 1000 # runs with more arguments specifying the range

%%bash # idk python3 rand.py # shows error

%%bash # idk python3 rand.py -h # runs with an argument

%%writefile rand.py # writes file import argparse # imports from random import randint # from random import randint # define an argument parser object parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() # Add positional arguments parser.add_argument('count', type = int, help = 'Count of random integers to be generated') # Add optional arguments parser.add_argument('-r', '--range', metavar = ('lower', 'upper'), nargs = 2, type = int, default = [0, 10], help = 'Integer range [a, b] from which the random numbers will be chosen') # parse command line arguments args = parser.parse_args() # program for i in range(args.count): # for i in range of the arguments caught print(randint(args.range[0], args.range[1])) # prints

%%bash # idk python3 rand.py -h # runs with an argument

%%writefile rand.py # writes import argparse # imports from random import randint # from random import randint # Define an argument parser object parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() # Add positional arguments parser.add_argument('count', metavar = 'rands', type = int, help = 'Count of random integers to be generated') # Add optional arguments parser.add_argument('-r', '--range', metavar = ('lower', 'upper'), nargs = 2, type = int, default = [0, 10], help = 'Integer range [a, b] from which the random numbers will be chosen') # Parse command-line arguments args = parser.parse_args() # Program for i in range(args.count): # still accessed as args.count (not args.rands) # for i in range of arguments caught print(randint(args.range[0], args.range[1])) # prints

%%bash # idk python3 rand.py -h # runs with argument

%%writefile rand.py # writes file import argparse # imports from random import randint # from random import randint # Define an argument parser object parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() # Add positional arguments parser.add_argument('count', type = int, help = 'Count of random integers to be generated') # Add optional arguments parser.add_argument('-r', '--range', metavar = ('lower', 'upper'), nargs = 2, type = int, default = [0, 10], help = 'Integer range [a, b] from which the random numbers will be chosen') parser.add_argument('-v', '--verbose', action = 'store_true', help = 'Verbose mode') # Parse command-line arguments args = parser.parse_args() # Program if args.verbose: # if the argument has v or verbose print("Generating {:d} random integer in the range [{:d}, {:d}]".format(args.count, args.range[0], args.range[1])) # prints, formats for i in range(args.count): # for i in range of the arguments caught print(randint(args.range[0], args.range[1])) # prints

%%bash # idk python3 rand.py 4 --range 500 1000 -v # runs with more arguments

%%bash # idk python3 rand.py -h # runs with argument

%%writefile rand.py # writes file import argparse # imports from random import randint # from random import randint # Define an argument parser object parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() # Add positional arguments parser.add_argument('count', action = 'store', type = int, help = 'Count of random integers to be generated') # Add optional arguments parser.add_argument('-r', '--range', metavar = ('lower', 'upper'), nargs = 2, type = int, default = [0, 10], help = 'Integer range [a, b] from which the random numbers will be chosen') parser.add_argument('-c', '--const', action = 'store_const', const = 10, default = 0, help = 'Generate 10 additional random numbers (in addition to Count)') parser.add_argument('-m', '--multiply', action = 'count', help = 'Multiply the number of random numbers by the number of times this flag appears') parser.add_argument('-v', '--verbose', action = 'store_true', help = 'Verbose mode') # Parse command-line arguments args = parser.parse_args() # Program # If args.const is used, add 10 to the count entered by the user num_of_rands = (args.count + args.const) # adds and stores # When args.multiply is not used, its value is None if (args.multiply != None): # if the arguments multiplied does not equal to None num_of_rands = num_of_rands * args.multiply # multiply and store if args.verbose: # if it is verbose print("Generating {:d} random integer in the range [{:d}, {:d}]".format(num_of_rands, args.range[0], args.range[1])) # prints for i in range(num_of_rands): # for i in range of num_of_rands print(randint(args.range[0], args.range[1])) # prints

%%bash # idk python3 rand.py 4 --range 500 1000 -v -c # runs with more arguments

%%bash # idk python3 rand.py 4 --range 500 1000 -v -mmm # runs with more arguments

%%bash # idk python3 rand.py -h # runs with an argument

%%writefile day_finder.py # writes # [ ] Write a program that reads a date (month, day, year) as command-line arguments in order # then prints the day of the week for that date. # If an optional flag (-c or --complete) is specified, the program should print the full date (not only the day of the week). # The help message should look like: ''' usage: day_finder.py [-h] [-c] month day year positional arguments: month Month as a number (1, 12) day Day as a number (1, 31) depending on the month year Year as a 4 digits number (2018) optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit -c, --complete Show complete formatted date ''' # IMPORTANT - all previous cells need to have been run (in order) BEFORE writing and running this cell. # HINT: Use a date object with strftime from datetime import date import argparse # Define an argument parser object parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() # Add positional arguments parser.add_argument('month', action = 'store', type = int, help = 'Month as a number (1, 12)') parser.add_argument('day', action = 'store', type = int, help = 'Day as a number (1, 31) depending on the month') parser.add_argument('year', action = 'store', type = int, help = 'Year as a 4 digits number (2018)') # Add optional arguments parser.add_argument('-h', '--help', action = 'store_true', help = 'show this help message and exit') parser.add_argument('-c', '--complete', action = 'store_true', help = 'Show complete formatted date') # Parse command-line arguments args = parser.parse_args() try: # try d = date(month = args.month, day = args.day, year = args.year) # stores, dates except Exception as exception_object: # except error as exception_object print(exception_object) # prints error else: # else if args.complete: # if args.complete print(d.strftime("%A %B %d, %Y")) # prints else: # else print(d.strftime("%A")) # prints

%%bash python3 day_finder.py 12 31 2017 -c

%%bash python3 day_finder.py 12 31 2017

%%writefile sort_numbers.py # [ ] Write a program that reads an unspecified number of integers from the command line, # then prints out the numbers in an ascending order # The program should have an optional argument to save the sorted numbers as a file named `sorted_numbers.txt` # The help message should look like: ''' usage: sort_numbers.py [-h] [-s] [numbers [numbers ...]] positional arguments: numbers int to be sorted optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit -s, --save save the sorted numbers on a file (sorted_numbers.txt) ''' # IMPORTANT - all previous cells need to have been run (in order) BEFORE writing and running this cell. # --Complete the following-- #HINT: use nargs = '*' in an add_argument method # Define an argument parser object parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() # Add positional arguments parser.add_argument('numbers', action = 'store', nargs = '*', type = int, help = 'int to be sorted') # Add optional arguments parser.add_argument('-h', '--help', action = 'store_true', help = 'show this help message and exit') parser.add_argument('-c', '--complete', action = 'store_true', help = 'save the sorted numbers on a file (sorted_numbers.txt)') # Parse command-line arguments args = parser.parse_args() try: # try except Exception as exception_object: # except error as exception_object print(exception_object) # prints error else: # else if args.complete: # if args.complete f = open("sorted_numbers.txt", "w") # open new file f.write(args) # writes f.close() # closes print("The numbers have been saved.") # prints else: # else s = sorted(args) # sorts arguments print(s) # prints # I genuinely have no idea if I did this right.

%%bash # idk python3 sort_numbers.py 23 49 5 300 43 582 58 29 62 69 320 60 # runs with arguments