Discrete Random Variable

coin3 <- data.frame(N_Heads = c(0, 1, 2, 3), C_Heads = c(1, 3, 3, 1))

attach(coin3)

coin3$P_Heads <- C_Heads/sum(C_Heads)

options(repr.plot.width=7, repr.plot.height=4)

barplot(coin3$P_Heads, names = coin3$N_Heads, main = "Discrete Probability Distribution of flipping three coins")

Expected Value

attach(coin3)

E_X=sum(N_Heads * P_Heads)

E_X

Variance

fees = data.frame(N_Bags = c(0, 1, 2), X = c(0, 25,60), P_X = c(0.54, 0.34, 0.12))

fees

attach(fees)

E_X <- sum(X * P_X)

cat("The expected revenue per passenger is $", E_X)

var <- sum((X-E_X)^2 * P_X)

cat("The expected revenue per passenger is $", var)

Normal Approximation

normal_dist <- function(x, b){ mu = mean(x) sigma = sd(x) x1 <- seq(mu - 6*sigma, mu + 6*sigma, length = 100) # Normal curve fun <- dnorm(x1, mean = mu, sd = sigma) # Histogram options(repr.plot.width=7, repr.plot.height=4) hist(x, prob = TRUE, col = "white", breaks = b, xlim = c(mu - 6*sigma, mu + 6*sigma), ylim = c(0, max(fun)), main = "Histogram overlayed with normal curve") lines(x1, fun, col = 2, lwd = 2) }

data(chickwts)

attach(chickwts)

normal_dist(chickwts$weight, 10)

Test of Normality

shapiro.test(chickwts$weight)

Z-Score

chickwts$zscore = (weight - mean(weight))/sd(weight)

tail(chickwts)

Problems from the Book

Solution

z_sophiaV = (160 - 151)/7 z_sophiaQ = (157 - 153)/7.67 cat("Z Score for Verbal= ", round(z_sophiaV,2), "\nZ Score for Quantitative Reasoning= ", round(z_sophiaQ, 2))

input_1

z_sophiaV = (160 - 151)/7 z_sophiaQ = (157 - 153)/7.67 cat("Z Score for Verbal= ", round(z_sophiaV,2), "\nZ Score for Quantitative Reasoning= ", round(z_sophiaQ, 2))