# Zhi Yuan "Oscar" Lin # 3 November 2021 # In this lesson, I learned how to import, open, and read files through examples and tasks. Additionally, I learned the # importance of the !curl command, for it is necessary to import a file. I also learned how to use the .read() to read # a specific number of characters. # There were no major problems or questions throughout this lesson.

# [ ] review and run example # This program imports a file named "poem1.txt" by using the !curl command. !curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MicrosoftLearning/intropython/master/poem1.txt -o poem1.txt

# [ ]Run to open the file in memory as poem_file # The variable "poem_file" is assigned to the return file object from using the open() function to open the file named # "poem1.txt" in read mode, and text mode by default. poem_file = open('poem1.txt', 'r')

# [ ] run and review code to test if open worked # should display name='poem1.txt' and no errors # This program displays the value assigned to the poem_file variable in the output. poem_file

# [ ] import cities.txt # This program imports a file named "cities.txt" by using the !curl command. !curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MicrosoftLearning/intropython/master/cities -o cities.txt

# [ ] open cities.txt as cities_file # [ ] test cities.txt was opened # The variable "cities_file" is assigned to the return file object from using the open() function to open the file named # "cities.txt" in read mode, and text mode by default. cities_file = open('cities.txt', "r") # This program displays the value assigned to the cities_file variable in the output. cities_file

# [ ] review and run example # The variable "poem_contents" is assigned to the given value when the file "poem_file" is attached to the # file method ".read()". poem_contents = poem_file.read()

# [ ] review and run example # shows the file as a string with formatting characters such as "\n", output should be non-blank # This program displays the value assigned to the poem_contents variable in the output. poem_contents

# [ ] review and run example # since .read() loaded the file as a string it can be printed # This function displays the value assigned to the poem_contents variable in the output. print(poem_contents)

# [ ] after import and open of cities.txt in task 1 # [ ] read cities_file as cities # [ ] display the string: cities # The variable "cities" is assigned to the given value when the file "cities_file" is attached to the file method ".read()". cities = cities_file.read() # This program displays the value assigned to the poem_contents variable in the output. cities

# [ ] print the string: cities # This function displays the value assigned to the poem_contents variable in the output. print(cities)

# [ ] review and run example to read poem1.txt 10 characters at a time # The variable "poem_file" is assigned to the return file object from using the open() function to open the file named # "poem1.txt" in read mode, and text mode by default. poem_file = open('poem1.txt', 'r') # The variable "poem_10char" is assigned to the first 10 characters of the value assigned to the poem_file variable, by # using the file method ".read()". poem_10char = poem_file.read(10) # This function displays the value assigned to the poem_10char variable in the output. print(poem_10char) # This program displays the value assigned to the poem_10char variable in the output. poem_10char

# [ ] review and run example, + 10 more characters # reads and displays without storing in a variable # This program displays the new first 10 characters of the value assigned to the poem_file variable, by using the file # method ".read()". poem_file.read(10)

# [ ] review and run example, + 10 more characters # reads and stores in variable poem_parts # The variable "poem_parts" is assigned to the new first 10 characters of the value assigned to the poem_file variable, # by using the file method ".read()". poem_parts = poem_file.read(10) # This function displays the value assigned to the poem_parts variable. print(poem_parts)

# [ ] REPEATEDLY RUN this cell, + 5 more characters each time run are appended using string addition # [ ] consider why no additional text displays after multiple runs # The variable "poem_parts" is reassigned to the value assigned to the poem_parts variable concatenated to the first 5 # character of the value assigned to the poem_file variable due to the file method ".read()". poem_parts += poem_file.read(5) # This function displays the value assigned to the poem_parts variable. print(poem_parts)

# [ ] digits of pi # 1. import digits_of_pi.txt # This program imports a file named "digits_of_pi.txt" by using the !curl command. !curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MicrosoftLearning/intropython/master/digits_of_pi -o digits_of_pi.txt

# [ ] digits of pi # 2. open as digits_of_pi_text # 3. read() 4 char of digits_of_pi_text to pi_digits variable # 4. print pi_digits # The variable "digits_of_pi_text" is assigned to the return file object from using the open() function to open the file # named "digits_of_pi.txt" in read mode and text mode by default. digits_of_pi_text = open('digits_of_pi.txt') # The variable "pi_digits" is assigned to the new first 4 characters of the value assigned to the digits_of_pi_text # variable, by using the file method ".read()". pi_digits = digits_of_pi_text.read(4) # This function displays the value assigned to the pi_digits variable in the output. print(pi_digits)

# [ ] digits of pi # 5. add to pi_digits string with string addition # a. add next 4 characters from digits_of_pi obtained from read() # b. run the cell multiple times to get more digits of *pi* # The variable "pi_digits" is reassigned to the value assigned to the pi_digits variable concatenated to the first 4 # character of the value assigned to the digits_of_pi_text variable due to the file method ".read()". pi_digits += digits_of_pi_text.read(4) # This function displays the value assigned to the pi_digits variable in the output. print(pi_digits)

# [ ] review and run example # The variable "poem_file" is assigned to the return file object from using the open() function to open the file # named "poem1.txt" in read mode, and text mode by default. poem_file = open('poem1.txt', 'r') # The variable "poem_part" is assigned to the first 15 characters of the value assigned to the poem_file variable, by # using the file method ".read()". Additionally, the 15 characters will be change into all uppercases due to the poem_file # variable also being attached to the string method ".upper()". poem_part = poem_file.read(15).upper() # This function displays the value assigned to the poem_print variable in the output. print(poem_part)

# [ ] review and run example # The variable "poem_part" is assigned to the new first 6 characters of the value assigned to the poem_file variable, by # using the file method ".read()". Additionally, the 6 characters will be all capitalize due to the poem_file variable also # being attached to the string method ".title()". poem_part = poem_file.read(6).title() # This function displays the value assigned to the poem_print variable in the output. print(poem_part)

# [ ] review and run example # The variable "poem_part" is assigned to the new first 6 characters of the value assigned to the poem_file variable, by # using the file method ".read()". poem_part = poem_file.read(6) # This function displays the value assigned to the poem_print variable in the output. print(poem_part) # This function displays the given value when determining if the value assigned to the poem_part variable is all letters by # using the string method ".isalpha()", and the string "isalpha because of '\n'". Additionally, the single quotes are # displayed in the output because of the escape character "'\". print(poem_part.isalpha(), "isalpha() because of `\\n`") # This program displays the value assigned to the poem_part variable in the output. poem_part

# [ ] review and run example # The variable "poem_file" is assigned to the return file object from using the open() function to open the file # named "poem1.txt" in read mode, and text mode by default. poem_file = open('poem1.txt', 'r') # The variable "poem_text" is assigned to the given value when the file "poem_file" is attached to the file method ".read()". poem_text = poem_file.read() # This fuction displays the 9th to 25th character of the value assigned to the poem_text variable in the output. print(poem_text[8:26])

# [ ] complete the task # The variable "cities_file" is assigned to the return file object from using the open() function to open the file named # "cities.txt" in read mode, and text mode by default. cities_file = open('cities.txt','r') # The variable "cities" is assigned to the given value when the file "cities_file" is attached to the file method ".read()". cities = cities_file.read() # The variable "initials" is assigned to an empty string. initials = "" # By using the for...in loop, each character of the value assigned to the cities variable will be iterated and be determined # by an IF statement. The IF statement determines if the value assigned to the chara variable is uppercase by using the # string method ".isupper()". If true, the value assigned to the initial variable will be reassigned to the value of the # initial variable concatenated to the value of the chara variable. If false, the program moves on to the elif statement # and determines if the value assigned to the chara variable is equal to the escape character "\n". If true, a newline would # be created. If false, the program moves on to the else statement and nothing is execute due to the keyword "pass". This # loop will continue until each character of the value assigned to the cities variable is iterated. for chara in cities: if chara.isupper(): initials += chara elif chara == "\n": initials += "\n" else: pass # This function displays the value assigned to the initials variable in the output. print(initials)