# Noemi Cabrera # 8 November 2021 # In this lesson, I learned how to import files in Jupyter Notebooks using the curl command, # which includes !curl, the file link, and then '-o' plus the new name for the file. # Then, I learned how to open the imported file in memory using the open() method. Finally, # I learned to read the opened file using the .read() method to load the entire file as string, # and the .read(n) method to load a specific number of characters of the file as a string. # I didn't have any difficulties in this lesson.

# [ In this code, the curl statement is used to import a file given a web adress. Then # using '-o', the file gets renamed to opoem1.txt ] review and run example !curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MicrosoftLearning/intropython/master/poem1.txt -o poem1.txt

# [ The file that was dowloaded to this notebook in the code above is now opened using the # open() method. The code is stored in a variable. ] Run to open the file in memory as poem_file poem_file = open('poem1.txt', 'r')

# [ In this code, the variable used in the above code to open the file in Python is written # to test if the file was actually open or not. If the file was opened, then name = (name of file) # will appear. If the file was not opened, an error will display. ] run and review code to # test if open worked # should display name='poem1.txt' and no errors poem_file

# [ In this code, the curl statement is used to import a file given a web adress. Then, # using '-o', the file gets renamed to cities.txt ] import cities.txt !curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MicrosoftLearning/intropython/master/cities -o cities.txt

# [ The file that was dowloaded to this notebook in the code above is now opened using the # open() method. The code is stored in the cities_file variable. ] open cities.txt as cities_file # [ To test if file was opened, the variable containing the file is written by itself.] # test cities.txt was opened cities_file = open('cities.txt', 'r') cities_file

# [ In this code, the read() method is used to load the poem_file into memory as a string. # This is stored in the poem_contents variable.] review and run example poem_contents = poem_file.read()

# [ In this code, the previous defined variable poem_contents is written to display the # contents of the poem_file including formatting characters.] # review and run example # shows the file as a string with formatting characters such as "\n", output should be non-blank poem_contents

# [ SInce we used read(), the poem_file is now a string. Therefore, it can be printed using # the print() function. ] review and run example # since .read() loaded the file as a string it can be printed print(poem_contents)

# In this code, the previously imported and opened cities_file is used. The cities_file is # loaded as a string using the read() method. This is stored in the variable cities and then # it's displayed including the formatting characters. # [ ] after import and open of cities.txt in task 1 # [ ] read cities_file as cities # [ ] display the string: cities cities = cities_file.read() cities

# [ Since we used read(), the cities_file is now a string. Therefore, it can be printed using # the print() function. ] print the string: cities print(cities)

# [In this code, the read(n) method is used to load a certain amount of characters as a string # from poem_file. In this case, the first 10 characters are read. This is stored in the poem_10_char # variable and then printed. ] review and run example to read poem1.txt 10 characters at a time poem_file = open('poem1.txt', 'r') poem_10char = poem_file.read(10) print(poem_10char) poem_10char

# [ Since the first 10 characters of poem_file have been printed, the next 10 characters are # printed because read(10) has been used again in this code. This is not stored in a variable. ] # review and run example, + 10 more characters # reads and displays without storing in a variable poem_file.read(10)

# [ In this code, the next 10 characters are printed because read(10) has been used again. # This is stored in the variable poem_parts and then printed. ] review and run example, + 10 more characters # reads and stores in variable poem_parts poem_parts = poem_file.read(10) print(poem_parts)

# In this code, the poem_parts variable defined above is being added the next 5 characters of # poem file using addition. The modified poem_parts variable is printed. # [ ] REPEATEDLY RUN this cell, + 5 more characters each time run are appended using string addition # [ ] consider why no additional text displays after multiple runs poem_parts += poem_file.read(5) print(poem_parts)

# In this code, the curl statement is used to import a file given a web adress. Then # using '-o', the file gets renamed to digits_of_pi.txt # [ ] digits of pi # 1. import digits_of_pi.txt !curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MicrosoftLearning/intropython/master/digits_of_pi -o digits_of_pi.txt

# In this code, the digits_of_pi.txt file is opened by using the open() method. This is stored # in the digits_of_pi_text variable, which is then read its first 4 characters using the read(n) # method. This is then stored in the pi_digits variable and printed. # [ ] digits of pi # 2. open as digits_of_pi_text # 3. read() 4 char of digits_of_pi_text to pi_digits variable # 4. print pi_digits digits_of_pi_text = open('digits_of_pi.txt','r') pi_digits = digits_of_pi_text.read(4) print(pi_digits)

# [ In this code, the pi_digits variable is added the rest of the characters in the digits_of_pi_text # variable four by four each time this cell runs.] digits of pi # 5. add to pi_digits string with string addition # a. add next 4 characters from digits_of_pi obtained from read() # b. run the cell multiple times to get more digits of *pi* pi_digits += digits_of_pi_text.read(4) print(pi_digits)

# [ In this code, the poem_file is opened and then it's first 15 characters are read using the # read(n) method and made uppercase using the string method .upper(). This is then stored in # the poem_part variable and printed. ] review and run example poem_file = open('poem1.txt', 'r') poem_part = poem_file.read(15).upper() print(poem_part)

# [ In this code, the next 6 characters of poem_file are read using the # read(n) method and made uppercase if separated by a space using the string method .title(). This is then stored in # the poem_part variable and printed.] review and run example poem_part = poem_file.read(6).title() print(poem_part)

# [ The next 6 characters of poem_file are read using the read(n) method. This is stored in # the poem_part variable and printed. Then using the isalpha() boolean string test, this code checks # if the 6 characters in this code are all aphabetical characters. SInce they're not, False displays. ] # review and run example poem_part = poem_file.read(6) print(poem_part) print(poem_part.isalpha(), "isalpha() because of `\\n`") poem_part

# [ In this code, the poem_file is opened again to reset the previous uses of read(n) with # this file. The entire file is read because the read() method is used. This is stored in the # poem_text variable and only characters 7 through 24 of the file are printed using string slicing. ] # review and run example poem_file = open('poem1.txt', 'r') poem_text = poem_file.read() print(poem_text[8:26])

# [ In this code, the cities.txt file is opened using open() and then read using the read() method. # The variable initials is created with an empty string as its value. Then, using a for..in loop, # I iterate through each chracter in the cities_file. If the character is upper, then this character # is added to the string of the initials variable. If the character is "\n", it's added to the string # of the initials variable. If the character is not upper or "\n", then nothing happens. The final # string of the initials variable is displayed. ] complete the task cities_file = open('cities.txt', 'r') cities = cities_file.read() initials="" print(cities) for city in cities: if city.isupper() == True: initials += city elif city == "\n": initials += city else: pass print(initials)